How Do You Read a Point That Rest on the Equator in Latitude
When describing location, it is common to mention the city, country, or country as a location descriptor. Information technology is also common to talk about landmarks that may be nearby. Another way to describe location is to use reference lines to describe coordinates, or absolute position, on the globe.
Two types of imaginary reference lines are used to locate positions or points and to make accurate globes and maps. These lines are called parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. Ii of these imaginary reference lines, the equator and the prime meridian, are called primary reference lines because they are where nosotros first the numbering system.
Equator, Hemispheres, Axis, and Directions
The globe rotates daily about its axis. The north and south poles are the two imaginary points where the axis would enter and exit from the globe if the centrality were a pole or a line (run across Fig. 1.nine). The equatoris the imaginary principal reference line drawn around the earth halfway between the north and south poles. The half of the world to the north of the equator is the northern hemisphere; the half to the southward is the southern hemisphere (Fig. one.9). (The prefix hemi- means "half"; thus, hemisphere means "half-sphere.") The poles determine due north and due south directions. Motion toward the N Pole is northerly in direction. Motility toward the South Pole is southerly in management.
Parallels of Latitude
Latitude is measured in degrees (°)—from 0˚ to 90˚—northward or south of the equator. Degrees of latitude are measured from an imaginary indicate at the center of the earth. If the globe was cut in one-half, this imaginary point would be intersected by a line drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole and by a line drawn from the equator on one side of the earth to the equator on the other (Fig. 1.10 A). A radius is a line drawn from the border of a circumvolve to its center. The angle between the radius lines drawn from the equator and from the north pole (or s pole) forms a right angle, which is ninety°.
The equator is at 0°, and both of the earth's poles are at 90° from the equator. Latitude is determined past the angle between a betoken on the world'southward surface and the equator. To calculate the angle, draw a line from the point to the center of the earth and a line from the equator to the center of the earth (Fig. one.10 A).
Parallels of latitude are imaginary reference lines that form complete circles around the globe parallel to the equator and parallel to each other. Every point on a parallel of latitude is the same distance from the equator, and thus the bending formed between the equator and the breadth line is abiding. This is shown in Fig. i.10 B for the latitude lines thirty° and 60° north.
Parallels of latitude are circles of unlike sizes (run across Fig. ane.11). The largest parallel is at the equator, and the parallels decrease in size towards the poles. Except for positions located right on the equator (0°), parallels of breadth are described by the number of degrees that they are north (N) or south (S) of the equator. The greater the distance from the equator, either north or southward, the higher the breadth. Honolulu, Hawai'i, for example, is on the 21° Due north parallel. Sydney, Australia, is on the 34° S parallel.
Meridians of Longitude
Meridians of longitude are imaginary one-half-circles running from the N Pole to the Southward Pole. They are sometimes chosen lines of longitude. Dissimilar parallels of breadth that are unlike sizes, all lines of longitude are the aforementioned length. Since every meridian must cross the equator, and since the equator is a circle, the equatorial circle can be divided into 360°. These divisions of the equatorial circle are used to label the meridians.
By international agreement, the 0˚ meridian (also called the prime meridian) is drawn through Greenwich, England. Meridians are numbered e and w from the prime meridian (Fig. i.12 A).
Longitude is the distance due east or west of the prime number pinnacle, and longitude is measured in degrees from 0˚ to 180˚ (Fig. 1.12 B). Places to the due east of the prime pinnacle have eastward longitude. Rome, Italy, for instance, is located on the 12˚ E acme, whereas Washington DC, United states of america, is located on the 77˚ W meridian.
E and west longitude come across at the 180˚ meridian, which runs through the Pacific ocean basin (Fig. 1.13). Therefore, most of the United States (including Hawai'i) lies in the western hemisphere. Only a small portion of Alaska (function of the Aleutian Islands) crosses the 180˚ meridian into the eastern hemisphere. The complete circle around the globe made by the prime meridian (0˚) and the 180˚ meridian divide the earth into eastern and western hemispheres (see Figs. 1.12 and 1.xiii).
International Date Line
The international date line is an imaginary line running mostly forth the 180˚ meridian (see Fig. i.fourteen). The international date line determines where on earth the engagement changes. For example, at the same moment the time is six:00 am on July 1st in Bangladesh, the time is six:00 pm on June 30th in Mexico and midnight on June 30th in England (see Fig. 1.xv A).
Places located immediately to the right and left of the date line are 24 hours apart. This means that on the left side of the international date line in Tonga, when the fourth dimension is noon on Monday, July 1st, on the right side of the appointment line in Sāmoa, the time is apex on Sunday, June 30th (come across Fig. 1.15 B).
Travelers who cross the dateline heading west lose a day, only travelers who cross the dateline going east proceeds a day. When traveling east across the dateline, it is really possible to arrive at your destination before than when you left!
For applied purposes, the international date line has been adjusted to allow certain land areas to remain together in the aforementioned solar day and fourth dimension zones. For example, the extreme eastern tip of Russia, which juts into the Bering Strait, was kept in the easternmost time zone, whereas the U.S.-owned Aleutian Islands were kept every bit office of the westernmost time zone (run across Fig. 1.15 B).
In another example, the country of Kiribati (pronounced KIRR-i-bas) drastically changed the date line in 1995 so that the entire country could exist on the same day at the aforementioned time. Before this, the western part of Kiribati, where the capital lies, would be 22 hours ahead of the eastern portion of the county. Now eastern Kiribati and Hawai'i, which are located close to the same longitude, are a whole day apart (run across Fig. one.16).
Location
Lines of latitude and longitude form an imaginary global grid organization, shown in Fig. 1.17. Whatsoever point on the world can exist located exactly by specifying its latitude and longitude. This organization is essential for ships at sea that cannot locate their positions using landmarks or littoral navigational aids such as buoys or channel markers. This organisation is just as useful for people on land when hiking, driving, or surveying an environment.
To locate a point on a globe exactly, degrees of breadth and longitude are further subdivided into minutes and seconds. In latitude and longitude measurements, minutes and seconds do not refer to time. Instead, they refer to parts of an angle. But, like with time, there are 60 minutes in a degree (just as there are sixty minutes in an hour). Similarly, there are sixty seconds in a minute of fourth dimension and 60 seconds in a minute of longitude or latitude.
1 degree (ane°) = 60 minutes (lx')
1 minute (one') = 60 seconds (60")
The latitude and longitude readings of a place are chosen its spherical coordinates. For example, the coordinates of the location of the USS Arizona Memorial in Pearl Harbor (Fig. one.18) are "latitude 21 degrees, 21 minutes, and 54 seconds north; longitude 157 degrees, 57 minutes, and zero seconds w." This is written equally "21° 21' 54" N, 157° 57' 0" W".
Action: Locating Points on a Earth
Make a globe marked with reference lines of breadth and longitude.
Activeness: Mapping the Globe
Make three maps of a earth: an orthographic-projection map, a cylindrical-projection map, and an equal-surface area map.
Latitude and Longitude Utilise
If the latitude and longitude coordinates of a location are known, it can be pinpointed on a map or globe. Knowing the spherical coordinates of a location is useful for people when hiking, diving, or surveying an environment. Sophisticated navigational aids utilise breadth and longitude to give directions when driving and flight. The spherical coordinate system is essential for ships at bounding main that cannot locate their positions using landmarks or coastal navigation aids similar buoys or aqueduct markers.
Nautical Miles and Knots
In addition to using latitude and longitude to specify location, marine and air navigators too employ the nautical mile as their unit of measurement of length or distance. A nautical mile is approximately one minute of latitude forth a line of longitude, a distance of one.85 kilometers. Navigators depict the speed of ships and airplanes in knots. Meteorologists also describe wind speeds in knots. One knot is equal to one nautical mile per hour.
1 nautical mile = 1.85 km
one knot = 1 nautical mile/hour
Activity: Pacific Scavenger Hunt
Complete a location scavenger chase using a map of the South Pacific bounding main basin.
Source: https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/world-ocean/locating-points-globe
0 Response to "How Do You Read a Point That Rest on the Equator in Latitude"
Post a Comment